The time required to determine total microglia number in both hippocampal sub-regions was approximately 6 h per mouse from stained sections. Comparison of total number estimates, derived from fraction- or volume-based methods, supported stereological theory regarding the equivalence of the two techniques. The mean total number of microglia in the mouse CA1 was estimated to be 43,200 (CV = 0.24) with a CE = 0.11. The mean total number of microglia in the mouse dentate gyrus was estimated to be 20,300 (CV = 0.21) with a mean coefficient of error (CE) = 0.09. The total number of Mac-1 immunopositive cells was determined using the optical fractionator method. Systematic-uniform-random (SUR) sections were cut through the hippocampal formation of male C57BL/6J mice (n = 7, 4-5 months) and immunostained with Mac-1, an antibody to the complement subunit 3 receptor (CR3). In the present study, immunocytochemistry was combined with unbiased stereology to estimate the mean total number of microglia in dentate gyrus and CA1 regions of the mouse hippocampus. Microglia are brain cells of considerable interest because of their role in CNS inflammatory responses and strong association with neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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